Improving Okra Production by Poultry Manure Application in Highland Acid Oxisols of Dschang, Western Cameroon
Primus Azinwi Tamfuh *
Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Science, University of Dschang, P.O box 222, Dschang, Cameroon and Department of Mining and Mineral Engineering, NAHPI, University of Bamenda, P.O Box 39, Bambili, Cameroon.
Isaac Mpako Epie
Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Science, University of Dschang, P.O box 222, Dschang, Cameroon.
Georges Martial Ndzana
Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Science, University of Dschang, P.O box 222, Dschang, Cameroon.
Romary Ngnipa Tchinda
Department of Environmental Sciences of the Higher Institute of Agriculture, Wood, Water and the Environment, The University of Bertoua, P.O. Box 60, Bélabo, Cameroon.
Achille Bienvenu Ibrahim
Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Science, University of Dschang, P.O box 222, Dschang, Cameroon.
Laura Ingrid Nfota Nongha
Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Science, University of Dschang, P.O box 222, Dschang, Cameroon.
Veronique Beyala Kamgang Kabeyene
Department of Earth Sciences, Higher Teacher Training College, University of Bertoua, P.O. Box 652, Bertoua, Cameroon.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Problem Statement: Low yields of crops in Sub-saharan Africa are often associated with low soil fertility. However, due to high cost and negative environmental impact of chemical fertilizers, using cheap and readily available organic manures such as poultry manure (PM) has become indispensable.
Aim: To evaluate the effect of different rates of PM on soil fertility and the performance of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) in the Cameroon Western Highlands.
Methodology: The study was carried out in the field and in the laboratory. The experimental plot (191.25 m2) in the field was designed in a randomized complete block design with six treatments and three replications: 0 t ha-1 of PM (To), 3 t ha-1 of PM (T1), 6 t ha-1 of PM (T2), 9 t ha-1 of PM (T3), 12 t ha-1 of PM (T4), and 250 kg of NPK 12-14-19 (T5). Soil samples were analyzed in the laboratory by standard procedures before and after treatment.
Results: Treatment T0 had a clay loam texture, acidic pH (5.4), relatively high organic carbon content (1.92%), moderate total nitrogen (0.33%) and moderate available phosphorus (36.07 mg kg-1). The exchangeable complex revealed high K+ (1.02 cmol kg-1), low Ca2+ (2.60 cmol kg-1) and Mg2+ (1.04 cmol kg-1), average Na+ (0.33 cmol kg-1). After treatment, soil pHH2O, available phosphorus and exchangeable K, Ca, and Mg increased after harvest whereas Na decreased for all the treatments. The effect of the treatments on growth parameters was such that T3>T4>T1>T5>T2>T0. The global trend of yield parameters was such that T3>T4>T5>T1>T0>T2. Economically, treatments T3, T4, and T5 were profitable and recommendable for popularization, with a benefit-to-cost-ratio (BCR) >2. The most economically viable treatment was T3 with a profit rate (PR) of 601.66% and a BCR value of 7.02, while T2 was the least economically viable treatment with a negative PR of -32.14% and a BCR of -33.67.
Conclusion: Farmers in Western highlands can produce okra profitably and sustainably using PM at a rate of 9 tha-1f.
Keywords: Poultry manure, soil fertility, economics of production, Okra, Cameroon Western Highlands